The Four Sacred Dine Mountains

The Navajo people believe that the Creator placed them on land between four sacred mountains: According to their own history, the Navajos have always lived between these mountains. The Navajo people have been instructed by the Creator never to leave their sacred homeland. The four points represent the four cardinal directions:

* Mount Blanca (Tsisnaasjini' - Dawn or White Shell Mountain)
Sacred Mountain of the East - near Alamosa in San Luis Valley, Colorado.
*Mount Taylor (Tsoodzil - Blue Bead or Turquoise Mountain) Sacred Mountain of the South - north of Laguna, New Mexico.
* San Francisco Peaks (Doko'oosliid - Abalone Shell Mountain) Sacred Mountain of the West - near Flagstaff, Arizona.
* Mount Hesperus (Dibé Nitsaa - Big Mountain Sheep) Sacred Mountain of the North - La Plata Mountains, Colorado.

The following inner mountains within the borders formed by the 4 sacred mountains are also held as sacred because of their importance in Navajo mythology:

*Huerfano Mesa (Dzil Na'oodilii) - Holy People (Navajo Deities) Encircling Mountain
Sacred Mountain of the Center, 60 miles southeast of Bloomfield, New Mexico. This is where Changing Woman received her puberty, gave birth to her warrior twins, and lived in the first hogan. It is considered to be the "lungs" of Navajo country.
* Gobernador Knob (Ch'oolii) Sacred Mountain East of Center in Old Navajoland (Dinetah), near and southeast of the Navajo Dam. This is where Changing Woman was found. It is considered to be the "heart" of Navajo country.
* Navajo Mountain (Naatsis'áán) - Head of the Earth, Southeast Utah

* Grand Canyon is considered to be from where creation emerged. It is the Source in landform.

The Navajo family's dwelling, the hogan, is a microcosm of their homeland. The posts of the hogan represent the four sacred mountains. A traditional hogan is constructed of logs, bark, and packed earth in a round dome-roofed shape, according to instructions found in the Navajo creation story. The sections of the Hogan correspond to the structures of the universe, for instance, the earthen floor represents Mother Earth and the round roof symbolizes Father Sky. A Hogan can never be abandoned unless it is struck by lightning or someone dies in it from a cause other than old age. _The Hogan is the site for all religious ceremonies, which sanctify it through use. The Hogan constitutes one of the most sacred places for the members of a Navajo family and binds them to the land of their birth.
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